Diffusional microfluidics for protein analysis

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is an emerging tool to monitor public health and the outbreak of infective diseases. It requires real-time information by measuring chemicals or biomarkers in wastewater generated people at community-level for WBE analysis. Protein-based provide valuable insights into community health. However, due complexity wastewater, bottleneck protein analysis lies lack high-sensitive, cost-efficient high-throughput analytical techniques. Diffusional microfluidics, which involves co-flowing streams analytes buffer under laminar flow conditions, allows detection biomolecules their native state via study diffusive behaviour flow. In this review, recently developed techniques, microfluidic diffusional sizing, free-flow electrophoresis, hydrodynamic focusing mixer, that are based on microfluidics reviewed. Their applications including protein-protein interaction, separation identification highlighted.